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Many other Scientologist-run companies and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies using Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directory sites of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Scientology beliefs. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. In order to assist in the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or highly regarded people. Though it has obtained some reliability as a religious beliefs in numerous countries, Scientology has actually likewise been explained as both a cult and a commercial business.

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For instance, it has actually been noted to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of exposure" may be perceived as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by more the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had initially demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as determined in an internet survey run by the presidential transition team soliciting public input for the inbound administration. is scientology a religion.

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State Department has actually criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Freedom report, based upon the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a commercial enterprise, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the US. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who attempt to More Help utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later relabelled the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and committed among the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by an organization not associated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No individual or organization was complimentary from their despicable conspiratorial article minds.

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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive strategies in attending to those it views as attempting to suppress them, referred to as Suppressive Persons (SPs) initially laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.